The study underscores the severe health risks posed by air pollution from landscape fires, particularly in low and middle-income countries. In India, the illegal burning of agricultural fields has led to toxic smog, which poses significant health risks to millions of residents, especially in urban areas like New Delhi. Prolonged exposure to such pollution can lead to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, disproportionately affecting vulnerable populations, including children, the elderly, and those with pre-existing health conditions. The findings also highlight the broader issue of climate injustice, as the countries least responsible for global warming often bear the brunt of its consequences.